The simplest kind of power supply that takes mains alternating current (AC) and outputs low voltage direct current (DC) is the "linear" type, consisting of a transformer, a rectifier, and some capacitors, plus an optional regulator if you don't want its output voltage to vary much with load. Linear PSUs are big and heavy and inefficient, though; about four-tenths of the power going into one leaves as heat, not as useful output. Run a 300 watt stacked PC from a linear supply and you'll have to get rid of at least 200 watts of heat from the power supply alone.