Speaking only from a perspective of knowing nothing about this particular scenario...
One thing I learned from playing way too much Freelancer was to never stay still. If you drop someone, then stop and turn to acquire the next target, you're easily acquired yourself.
The instant my first target exploded, I'd have blasted off with the afterburner round in a wide arc, turning the ship tightly and yawing/strafing to move off-line. That displaces me from anyone nearby and gives me time to reposition/look around for the next target.
No idea if it works against Elite's AI, but it's worth a shot next time, perhaps... ?