I wasn't suggesting he does this with the PSU plugged in!
By the time he has dismantled the PC, and removed the PSU, the caps would have discharged themselves, either through the ccts themselves, or through the bleed resistors that should be connected across them for that purpose!
(The caps on the mains side of the inverter will charge up to about 300 volts, which would bring tears to your eyes, although unlikely to be fatal as they would discharge across a hand - they float
wrt earth - and anyway they will discharge quite quickly.
The caps on the output side will charge to the rail voltage, 5V or 12V and is not in itself dangerous, although if you shorted them while they were charged, you would get quite a spark. - depending on the value of the capacitor - remembering that charge (in coulombs) =CV where C is in Farads, and the stored engery (in joules) = CV^2 - again C is in Farads) so a 1000 microfarad capacity charged to 300 volts stores about 90 joules - and being DC is less harmful than the AC equivalent - still give you a belt though!!)
But perhaps I should have added a caveat that you do need to be very careful removing the covers from a PSU - it isn't something to be done lightly, and apart from anything else, may void the warranty. And if you do work on a PSU that has been live in the last hour or so, it is a wise precaution to connect a low value resistor (say 1Kohm) across the main smoothing/ripple capacitors for a few seconds to ensure they are safely discharged.
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Back on topic - starting up the mobo with the CMOS battery disconnected would be unlikely to 'fry' the board. The battery is only there to supply power to maintain the CMOS memory while main power is not available to the board, ie when it isn't connected to mains (doesn't have to be powered up - remember that LED that glows?) Removing the jumper disconnects the battery, I don't know if placing it on the other two pins actually does anything (such as shorting the CMOS power input to earth, but even if it does, it is unlikely to cause harm
It is also unlikely to damage the BIOS, which is electical eraseable programmable ROM (EEPROM) which as the title suggests, is erased by applying a voltage to a programming pin, and this is done under the control of utility software - otherwise the bios holds its contents undisturbed.
(Note that I have used the word unlikely - voltage spikes etc can do funny things to electronics, but there are more probable causes for the problem which need to be eliminated before going down the road of despair!)
More likely is that the OP has disturbed a connection to the mobo somewhere while tinkering inside and that is the cause of the problem.
The solution, as has been pointed out, is to stop panicking, inspect the inside of the machine for loose wires etc ,and if necessary to a rebuild, carefully and methodically. It is probably easier to do that outside the case, as that enables a visual check to be made more easily, and once working, gives confidence that all is OK. Then it can be carefully and methodically built back into the case.
Thorsen has described the precise steps very concisely in an earlier post.