The electoral college votes each state has is based on it's representation in Congress - that is, the number of Representatives in the House, plus 2 for the Senators. And the number of Representatives in the house is based on the population of the state, as determined by a census every ten years.Originally Posted by Zathras
So the size of the electoral college vote is determined pretty closely by population size, albeit a few years out of date, and indirectly.