He means the Dibalo 3 thread. With regards to some of your questions:
Ships from cheap to expensive in their respective type (progression to aim towards):
Combat ships:
Sidewinder / Eagle / Viper / Vulture / Fer De Lance / Python / Anaconda
Multi-role:
Sidewinder / Adder / Cobra or Diamondback Scout / ASP / Python / Anaconda
Trading:
Sidewinder / Hauler / Lakon Type-6 / ASP / Lakon Type-7 / Lakon Type-9
There are others too, which you can buy if you rank up with Empire / Federation
Imperial Courier (Empire)
Imperial Clipper (Empire)
Federal Dropship (Federation)
Orca (no current use to buy this, luxury transport ship)
There's definitely a few I've missed too, full list here:
http://elite-dangerous.wikia.com/wiki/Ships
In terms of weapons, stick to gimbled (tracking) pulse laser at first (helps getting some easy kills early on), then when you're in an eagle / viper / cobra, get a mix of lasers (fire against shields) and gimbled (tracking) multi-cannons (fire when shields are down).
Upgrading your ships, the key things to upgrade are:
Power distributor (recharge rates increase for all systems)
Shield cell (regenerate your shields when nearly depleted, 5sec warm up time, ensure it starts before shields fail completely)
Power plant (increase max power available to all systems to enable better shields/weapons/everything to be equipped without overloading your max power output)
Frame Shift Drive (allow you to jump further, cover distance faster). 10Ly is okay, 15Ly is good, 20Ly is great, 30Ly is about the max you'll get from any ship. It you can get near 15Ly you're doing okay (ranges capable vary on ship type).
Get a fuel scoop (compare scope rate to your fuel tank size...eg scoop rate of 0.04 to fill a 4 ton tank would take 100 seconds....ie a long time!)